Legal Information
What to Know About Marking and How to Mark Imported Goods When Bringing Them into Russia
What importers need to know about product marking in Russia: codes, documents, customs procedures and practical steps before goods are released into circulation.
Product Marking in 2026: New Rules and Requirements for Business
An overview of mandatory product marking: new requirements, business obligations, deadlines, document flow and practical steps for importers and manufacturers.
Incoterms 2020
Incoterms 2020 are the current ICC rules for interpreting trade terms and allocating responsibilities, costs and risks between seller and buyer.
Incoterms 2010: Category D – DDP Delivery
DDP imposes maximum obligations on the seller: delivery to the named destination with import clearance and payment of duties and taxes.
Incoterms 2010: Category D – DAP Delivery
DAP means delivery at the named place of destination on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading. The seller bears the costs and risks up to that point.
Incoterms 2010: Category D – DAT Delivery
DAT (Delivered at Terminal) means that the seller delivers when the goods are unloaded and placed at the buyer’s disposal at the named terminal.
Incoterms 2010: Category C – CPT Delivery
CPT means carriage paid to the named destination. The seller pays for carriage, while risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.
Incoterms 2010: Category C – CIP Delivery
CIP means carriage and insurance paid to the named place of destination. The seller arranges transport and insurance, while risk passes when the goods are handed to the carrier.
Incoterms 2010: Category C – CIF Delivery
CIF defines delivery by sea where the seller pays cost, insurance and freight to the destination port, while risk passes after loading on board.
Incoterms 2010: Category C – CFR Delivery
Key aspects of CFR (Cost and Freight) under Incoterms 2010: who is responsible for delivery, risks and expenses in sea carriage.
Incoterms 2010: Category F – FOB Shipment
FOB means that the seller fulfils delivery when the goods are placed on board the vessel at the named port of shipment. From that moment, risks and costs pass to the buyer.
Incoterms 2010: Category F – FAS Shipment
Learn the specifics of FAS (Free Alongside Ship) and how to arrange sea shipments correctly: responsibilities, transfer of risk and allocation of costs.
Incoterms 2010: Category F – FCA Shipment
FCA (Free Carrier) means that the seller delivers export-cleared goods to the carrier named by the buyer at the agreed place. The place of delivery determines loading and unloading responsibilities. The term applies to any mode of transport, including multimodal carriage.
Incoterms 2010: Category E – EXW Shipment
A practical explanation of Incoterms 2010 term EXW (Ex Works): responsibilities, costs, risks and transaction specifics where the seller has minimum obligations.
Incoterms 2010
Incoterms 2010 are internationally recognized rules for interpreting trade terms, used by government authorities, the legal community and merchants worldwide.
